4.1.4 Microworlds
Construction of microworlds was perfromed through the integration of interactive
interfaces to computational models. While the representation of the discipline
through an extensive knowledge base was clearly a goal of ESCAPE
and Context32, as well as the PGT,
the TODOR and Mechanics 2.01
projects had less of an interest in the capturing of images,
and a clear goal of representing dynamic processes accurately through the
use of modeling, simulation, and microworlds. ESCAPE had planned to use
HyperCard to produce dynamic and interactive problems sets, so while the goal
was not reached, the intention was present. On the other hand, the TODOR project
achieved impressive results with their use of the BLOX package, as did Bucciarelli
with the cT language. The superiority of microworlds consisting of accurate models
or simulations with interactive user interfaces was discussed relative to animation
in an interview that was published in the "Athena Insider" between Lavin
(TODOR) and Bucciarelli
(Mechanics 2.01).
Larry: The business of dynamic simulation, any simulation for that matter,
raises some interesting challenges and more questions.
Anne: Such as?
Larry: Integrity of the representation for one. That is, an author can program a
cartoon of a process but it is false if it lacks soul, an inner constitution;
it is all show. Contrast this with a simulation built upon the fundamental
principles of the process, the underlying form we strive to teach. Is the cartoon
a deception? Should it be banned, X-rated?
On the other hand, how faithful to reality are the reductive, abstract,
specialized representations found in textbooks and discussed in class?
There is much that is missing, particularly with respect to context.
(Bucciarelli & LaVin, 1992, p. 10)
The AthenaMuse package used by the PGT project also supported the
ability to construct interfaces to dynamic simulations to create microworlds,
in addition to its support of multimedia databases, and linking capabilities.
The application utilized and expanded upon this capability through
the further incorporation of an expert system for the interpretation of geologic
and engineering information
(Davis, Sasnett, & Hodges, 1989).
Kinnicutt of the PGT project extended the capabilities provided
within AthenaMuse by using the programming language C++ to create interactive
simulations and microworlds.