Going back to levels of learning, in my understanding of learning, the rules
that govern everything that we are conscious of knowing are unconsciously held.
It is difficult to explore these rules -- the set definitions and assumptions
and generalizations about how elements of a given set operate in certain
contexts -- consciously. Metaphor can be useful by allowing us to shift to
another context in which we more consciously understand the rules that govern
behavior (such as how iceburgs or butterfly wings grow), and exploring
similarities and differences between it and the context we hope to better
understand. That said, I agree with the caution of my colleagues regarding the
tendency to "reify" the metaphor inappropriately in this other context.
Marilyn Darling
mdarling@warren.med.harvard.edu